Is HMPV harmful or not? Physicians alert patients to liver and respiratory hazards such as COVID-19 | Dos and don'ts

In India, human metapneumovirus cases are on the rise. Among the symptoms include fever, nausea, and cough. There is a higher risk for vulnerable groups. Preventive measures are advised by medical specialists, who stress cleanliness and health consciousness to reduce the spread of the infection.

In India, there have been about ten human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases documented to date. There are concerns regarding this common respiratory virus's potential consequences outside of the lungs.

Despite sharing symptoms with COVID-19, experts emphasize that HMPV is not a new virus and has existed for decades.

Cold-like symptoms, coughing, and breathing issues are all known to be brought on by HMPV. Nevertheless, doctors at Marengo Asia Hospitals Faridabad warn that it can potentially harm the liver, leading to inflammation and other diseases.

To find out more about the risks and solutions, as well as whether prevalent infections should raise concerns, Livemint consulted with medical experts.

Is it the HMPV virus?
HMPV is similar to other respiratory conditions. Both upper and lower respiratory symptoms, including the common cold, cough, fever, coughing, dyspnea, high temperature, dehydration, chills, and runny nose, can be brought on by it. It can give very young children and the elderly flu-like symptoms. According to Dr. Pankaj Chhabra, Clinical Director-Respiratory and Sleep Medicine at Marengo Asia Hospitals Faridabad, it can also cause pneumonia and bronchitis in newborns and young children.

India's HMPV cases
On Wednesday, another HMPV case was reported from Mumbai. In India, at least ten HMPV cases have been documented thus far.

HMPV impacts the liver.
Dr. Bir Singh Sehrawat claims thatHMPV is mostly a respiratory virus, according to the Head of Gastroenterology and Program Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals in Faridabad. However, it has a major effect on the liver as well. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss are all possible symptoms of the infection. An increase in liver enzymes like SGOT and SGPT may potentially be a sign of liver inflammation.

"The liver becomes infected by this virus, and its enzyme levels rise as a result. Therefore, this rise in the liver's enzymes points to enlargement brought on by the virus infection. The liver becomes inflamed after they invade it. Increased blood levels of SGOT and SGPT as well as other liver function abnormalities are caused by that inflammation. Dr. Bir Singh Sehrawat stated that additional liver-related symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, may manifest due to the virus's tendency to produce inflammation in the liver.

Who is susceptible to HMPV?
HMPV can infect anyone, but it can be particularly harmful to persons with preexisting medical issues and young children under five, especially those born before their due dates.

Asthma, COPD, and other lung ailments are examples of chronic respiratory disorders that might cause worsening of symptoms or a longer recovery time. Young children may be at risk for pneumonia or bronchiolitis due to HMPV. Hospitalization and oxygen support may be necessary in extreme cases, according to Dr. Pankaj Chhabra.

India is seeing a rise in HMPV instances; prevention is crucial. The general precautions we take to prevent all respiratory infections should be followed by everyone.

To stop the infection from spreading, those with colds and coughs should stay away from other people.
When you cough or sneeze, use a different hanky or towel.
Follow your doctor's prescription for any cold or fever medication.
Regularly wash your hands for at least 20 to 30 seconds with soap and water.
Do not touch your face with dirty hands.
Clean frequently used items, such as toys and doorknobs.
If you're sick, stay inside.
If you or your kids exhibit symptoms of a cold, take care of your respiratory system. When you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose.
Keep your own belongings and utensils to yourself.
Steer clear of physical contact, such as hugs or handshakes.
Consume a healthy diet, get enough sleep, and drink lots of water to stay hydrated.
Steer clear of busy areas.
Consume fresh produce.
To increase immunity, engage in regular exercise.
Individuals with compromised immune systems can be more vulnerable. Patients with autoimmune diseases, cancer, or HIV should therefore exercise extra caution, according to Dr. Pankaj Chhabra.

HMPV vs. COVID-19 Studies have revealed that respiratory issues and liver failure are frequent signs of COVID-19.
Contrarily, HMPV usually results in mild to severe respiratory symptoms such congestion and cough. More serious side effects like pneumonia and bronchiolitis can result from it, particularly in susceptible groups including small children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems.